Skip to Content

Affymetrix-GeneChip

The Affymetrix Microarray Core (AMC) facility provides RNA expression profiling and DNA Variation Analysis services using Affymetrix GeneChip® oligonucleotide arrays.  DNA Variation services include genome wide SNP genotyping, copy number, and LOH detection.

The CBM Microarray Facility is operative since 2007.

Applications currently supported by our MicroArray Facility include:

  • 3’ Expression Array;
  • Whole-Transcript expression;
  • microRNA profiling;
  • FFPE expression profiling;
  • Transcript Mapping;
  • Tiling Array.

Equipment:

The facility houses a last generation Affymetrix Gene Expression Analysis platform for global RNA expression profiling:

1. GeneChip Scanner 3000 7G with AutoLoader: this instrument performs state-of-the-art density arrays, enabling new applications for genotyping with up to 500,000 SNPs, tiling arrays for transcription, and all-exon arrays for whole-genome analysis. The New GeneChip Scanner 3000 7G incorporates advanced space-saving design improvements, superior speed and  performance, improved autofocus, accurate girding and lower scanner-to-scanner variation, to dramatically enhance throughput and efficiency in genetic analysis.

GeneChip Scanner 3000 7G

2. GeneChip Hybridization Oven 640: the Hybridization Oven 640 holds up to eight rotating probe array cartridge carriers (each with eight cartridge slots) for controlled hybridization of up to 64 probe arrays. This unit delivers precise temperature control for consistent performance across all probe array applications.

GeneChip Hybridization Oven 640

3. Dell OptiPlex GX270 computer workstation: is fitted with the Affymetrix Microarray Analysis Suite GCOS software package and internet connection, for measured array scanner data collection and analysis; it also controls the automated steps on the fluidics station and scanner.

4. GeneChip Fluidic Station 450: the Fluidics Station 450 contains four modules. Each module can hold one Gene Chip probe array cartridge and can be controlled independently by the Affymetrix GeneChip Operating Software. The Fluidic Station simplifies the handling of staining and antibody reagents to reduce direct hands-on activities and interruptions for the user.

GeneChip Fluidic Station 450

5. NanoDrop Spectrophotometer ND-1000 : the NanoDrop ND-1000 is a full-spectrum (220-750nm) spectrophotometer that measures 1ul samples with high accuracy and reproducibility. It utilizes a patented sample retention technology that employs surface tension alone to hold the sample in place. This eliminates the need for cumbersome cuvettes. It has the capability to measure highly concentrated samples without dilution.

NanoDrop Spectrophotometer ND-1000

6. Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer : the Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer is the industry standard for RNA sample QC and has replaced laborintensive gel electrophoresis for this application. It is also rapidly replacing gel electrophoresis for DNA fragment analysis and SDS-PAGE analysis of protein samples. A unique feature of the Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer is that it can be used for both electrophoretic separation and flow cytometric analysis of cell fluorescence parameters. This versatility makes the Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer an indispensable tool for the molecular biologist and biochemist.

Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer 5

Work flow:

The Core places emphasis on ensuring upfront sound experimental design, as well as expert data analysis and statistical evaluations of the outcome. Thus, initial discussions between users and Core personnel are encouraged to allow for a smooth workflow and effective final data analyses. Intermediate steps of sample preparation, hybridizations, and data acquisitions are performed by the Core personnel.

One cycle of array processing includes:

First day:

  • quality and quantity control of all samples
  • cDNA synthesis, purification and IVT synthesis

Second day:

  • purification, quality control, fragmentation of cRNA, overnight hybridization.

Third day:

  • staining, washing;
  • scanning;
  • absolute analysis.

Three such cycles of 8 arrays each per week will be feasible, bringing the maximum capacity to 24- 32 arrays/week, or approximately over 1000 arrays/year.

Management of Final Data:

  • data obtained during quality control and quantification ( Bioanalyzer output)
  • raw data obtained after scanning(.DAT, .CEL, .CHP and .RPT generated by the Affymetrix GCOS software)

Data collected  will be handed to the Investigator as well as stored at the Facility for backup. Data storage and management issues are coordinated by CBM bioinformatics personnel.

What is an Affymetrix probe set and how are these chosen?

The GeneChip high-density oligonucleotide arrays are fabricated by using in-situ synthesis of short oligonucleotide sequences on a small glass chip using light directed synthesis. This technique allows for the precise construction of a highly ordered matrix of DNA oligomers on the chip.

Affymetrix probe sets typically consist of 11 to 16 probe pairs. A probe pair consists of a 25mer perfect match oligo and a 25mer mismatch oligo. In this way, independent measurements provided by multiple probes are required for specificity and sensitivity.

The group of probe pairs corresponding to a given gene or small group of highly similar genes is known as the probe set and generally spans a region of about 600 bases, known as the target sequence. Many copies of each oligomer are synthesized in discrete features (or cells) on the GeneChip array. For each oligomer on the array there is a matched oligomer, synthesized in an adjacent cell that is identical with the exception of a mismatched base at the central position (i.e. base 13). These are designated Perfect Match (PM) and Mismatch (MM) probes, respectively. The MM probes serves as a control for non-specific hybridization. For the eukaryotic gene expression assay, labeled antisense cRNA target is hybridized to the complementary 25mer probes.

Can I use cRNA prepared according to Affymetrix’s protocol on BeadChips?

We have had poor results when using fragmented sample on our arrays. The Affymetrix protocol requires fragmentation during sample preparation. If you have labeled sample which has NOT been fragmented, you may obtain satisfactory results, depending on the age and quality of the sample.

What means gene expression analysis by Affymetrix arrays?

Affymetrix technology includes a growing number of applications which exploit photolithographic/chemical coupled synthesis of oligonucleotides on silica wafer. The use of Affymetrix GeneChip® expression arrays allows the simultaneous detection and quantitation of the expression levels of thousands of transcripts from a given sample. Expression arrays are available for many species, read the full list.

With the most recent human array, the HG-U133Plus 2.0 the expression level of over 47,000 human transcripts and variants, including 38,500 well-characterized human genes can be assessed in a single experiment.
With the recent Mouse Expression Set 430 2.0 (MOE430 2.0) 39,000 transcripts and variants corresponding to 34,000 mouse genes are represented on a single GeneChip. For more information about Affymetrix® GeneChip arrays visit Web site: http://www.affymetrix.com/index.affx

Why Affymetrix data are the right solution?

  • Reproducibility - Affymetrix technology demonstrated the highest level of reproducibility and consistency within and across different test sites, an element critical for the success of any clinical study
  • Robustness - Affymetrix was shown to have the most robust platform--it was the only manufacturer that did not remove or repeat data from any sites
  • Sensitivity - Affymetrix technology demonstrated the best apparent power, or sensitivity, in detecting changes in gene expression
  • Controls - Affymetrix is the only participating platform that provides a comprehensive panel of controls, which is critical for the evaluation of clinical sample.

What are the sample requirements?

Very good quality RNA is extremely important for the success of microarray experiments. RNA should be devoid of genomic DNA. The RNA can be total cellular RNA, since no poly (A) RNA isolation is required. A picture of the electrophoresis profile on native agarose gel (showing the loading wells) should be submitted along with the samples. Minimum of 5 μg of total RNA is required for Affymetix microarray analysis.

A260/A280 should be at least 1.8.

The RNA needs to be re-suspended in DEPC-treat water between 1 to 3 μg/μl concentration. Samples need to be hand delivered or shipped on dry ice to Affymetrix Resource facility personnel. Each RNA sample must be properly labeled as described in sample submission requirement form.

The Affymetrix Resource service request form must accompany all samples. The control or baseline sample must be clearly mentioned on the service form.

Are the chips reusable?

No. Chips cannot be reused.

What kind of data is provided?

All data generated using GeneChip Operating Software is provided with a user name and password.  Upon request, more in-depth data analysis using commercially available software such as NetAffx will be provided at additional cost.

Do we get help in understanding data?

Yes, help certainly will be provided to understand the data.  Similarly, if requested, training in usage of GeneChip Operating Software will also be provided.  In order to accommodate these requests it is necessary to schedule an appointment in advance and a service charge of $ /hour will be applicable to these services.

Do we get our remaining, unused samples back?

Yes, upon request.

What is basic service offered by CBM Affymetrix facility?

The service facility wants to distinguish itself from commercial micro array facilities by giving as much as possible personalized and complete service with follow-up help and advice. The purpose of the facility is to provide researchers access to a full micro array analysis service that includes:

  • Advice in Experimental set-up.
  • Advice in choosing the appropriate technology platform.
  • RNA quality control of integrity and purity.(by Bioanalyzer 2100)
  • Reverse transcription of mRNA to cDNA.
  • One or two round amplification of RNA/cDNA.
  • Labeling of cDNA or aRNA.
  • Quality check of labeled material.
  • Hybridization, Scanning and Image analysis.
  • Data pre-processing.
  • Advice on data analysis.
  • Deposition of data in ArrayExpress and GEO (MIAME compliant)